About Historical and Contemporary Limbu Women of Nepal

Limbu people are known as Yakthungba (refersLimbu women used to be great fabric-artist
to a Limbu male) and Yakthungma (refers to aentrepreneurs and very hard working. There
Limbu female) in their own language. Yambechhawasn't imported thread available for weaving,
means a male and menchhuma means a female.therefore they used to grow cotton themselves
They are the descendents of the Kirant dynastyin their fields. They used to spin thread for
of ancient Nepal. The Kirant dynasty ruled Nepalweaving after harvesting raw cotton and drying it
from 3102 B.C. to 7th century A.D. as the firstin the sun. Once open a time, "chhitko sari",
rulers in Nepal.woven by Limbu women, was very popular
Historically, until 225 years ago, the Limbus hadamong other Nepali women. They also used to
their own territory that was known as Lumbuwanweave handloom cloth called Dhaka. They would
before King Prithvi Narayan Shah united thebe very creative by coming up with different
territories that make up present-day Nepal. Atkinds of ethnic patterns such as tanchhokpa
present, this area is in the eastern part of Nepal(star). They sold that cloth material to women
(including Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha, Panchthar,and men in other communities, since imported
Ilam, Dhankuta, and Tehrathum and northernclothing was not readily available. This type of
parts of Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari districts).traditional weaving has been bequeathed to their
According to the 2001 Census of Nepal, thefemale descendents. Dhaka material is very
population of the Limbus is 359,371 (1.58% ofpopular now, and you can get Dhaka topis (caps),
Nepali population). Traditionally they have beentraditional pachheuras (large scarves) and Dhaka
followers of the Kirant religion that is a type ofcholos (blouses). Today, ties and Dhaka
animism, a belief that both living and inanimatekurta-suruwals (pant suit) are very popular. The
things, such as trees, rivers and mountainstraditional material is also used in interior
possess souls. They have their own spoken anddecoration for modern contemporary houses; you
written Limbu language. LIMBU script is known ascan find it used for cushion covers, curtains, table
Sirijanga script.runners, tablemats, etc. This material is also used
Historical Social Role of Limbu Women:in boutiques to make unusual and unique designer
Traditional Limbu women wore sim (it is 7-yardoutfits. Definitely the credit goes to our mothers
long material wrapped as a skirt) with a cholo, aand grandmothers for passing such skills down
blouse that is made of locally hand-woven dhakathrough the generations.
material. Phaee (a long cloth) is wrapped aroundContemporary Limbu Women and Their Social
the waist to tie the sim. They always coveredRole:
their heads with thakhumya (a large scarf) as anToday's Limbu women generally do not dress up
accessory. They loved wearing large gold andin traditional clothes or wear heavy jewelry. They
silver ornaments. Limbu women traditionally worewear all kinds of contemporary outfits such as
a pair of Nesse (a large flat designed goldkurta suruwal, saree and other formal and casual
earrings), a gold mundri as a nose ring, and awestern outfits. Married women wear traditional
dhungri, a stud nose ornament. On their hands,Nepalese ornaments such as Tilhari with sarees
Limbu women wore gold or silver bangles. Silverand kurta suruwal. Unmarried women wear light
kalli were worn as anklets. They also worejewelry such as a stud, hoop or dangle earrings, a
different kinds of ornaments on differentpendant with a chain, gold link bracelets, a ring,
occasions, ceremonies and festivals. Some ofand anklets with kurta suruwal and
these ornaments were Phangsese (a necklacewestern-inspired outfits. Some married women
made of nine gold beads which are strung withalso wear formal Indian inspired gold jewelry too,
glass beads), Labaphung (a crescent shaped goldsuch as heavy mangal sutra necklaces and large
ornament worn as a hair clip), Namloi or Yogakpadangly earrings.
(a large silver necklace), sisiphung or nekkhophungContemporary Limbu society, especially in urban
(flower shaped gold stud earrings), reji (coinareas, has evolved from the village society of one
necklaces made of ancient silver coins) andhundred years ago. Modern society has brought
Swagep (a gold ring worn on their fingers). Also inabout a lot of changes. Limbu women's
the past Limbu females used to wear Laskari inresponsibilities usually include maintaining the home,
their ears, 5 or 6 similar tiny gold rings in a row.cooking, taking care of children and in-laws, as
You can still see old Limbu women in the villagesbefore, but now also include helping educate their
dressed up in this way. All the types of clothingchildren and perhaps managing a shop or pursuing
and ornaments women wore suggest that thea professional career outside the home. Of course
Limbu economy provided adequately for theirstock market investments are not common in
needs in those days. Traditional Limbu womenNepal. The Limbu women manage financial
looked very elegant and created a unique identityinvestments in land or property. There are many
in the world.women whose husbands still work as Gurkha
Limbu women like to dance the Ya-Lang (paddysoldiers in foreign countries. Those women learn
dance) and Ke-Lang (Limbu traditional drum dance)to manage their lives very efficiently by
at formal occasions like marriages and religiousthemselves.
ceremonies. There is also a dance named MangToday, some Limbu women have established
Lang (Dev naach-God dance) to celebrate religiouscareers in every field-- in politics, media, business,
occasions.professional performing arts, legal services,
Most of the Limbus are farmers, and many meneducation, and the medical profession. Some
serve as Gurkha soldiers with foreign armies (e.g.,names of Limbu women who are active in
British, Indian) or as security personnel indifferent fields are mentioned below:
Singapore, Brunei, and Hong Kong. Women help inAnjana Limbu (Shrestha) : Movie Actress, her
farming by working in the fields. They plant rice,best-known movie is Balidaan
harvest the crops and take care of the domesticAnupama Subba: Actress in the famous movie
animals. They also bring up children and take care"Numafung"
of their in-laws as well.Bishnu Chemjong: The first Lux Nepal Star; she
My mom used to talk about "pewa" (Pewa is awas chosen from 5000 other contestants for her
Limbu word, it is a source of pocket money).beautiful voice.
Limbu parents were very generous towards theirJina Lingden: The first Limbu woman pilot
unmarried daughters, for they let them have ownJayan Subba Manandhar: Choreographer and owns
money by providing them "pewa". Somemodeling agency called Ramp
unmarried women used to own a couple of goatsKala Subba: Active model, choreographer and Hits
or pigs, so they could sell their livestock to getFM RJ.
money to buy what they wanted.Lila Subba (Shrestha): Member of Nepal's
My grandfather gave my mom a couple ofParliament.
orange trees, from which she could get herPabitra Subba: An established, well known Nepali
pocket money by selling oranges in the Dharansinger and actress.
market. This enabled her to buy her own jewelryMalvika Subba: Miss Nepal 2002, working with
or whatever she needed. In those days, buyingKantipur telvision as an anchor, and event
gold and silver jewelry was a type of familymanager for the Miss Nepal pageant for 2 years.
investment.Srijana Subba: Active member of Kirat Yakthung
This article is about Limbu women. I should notChumlung and representative of the Association
forget their gourmet cuisine. Generally Limbus eatof Limbu Shamans from Nepal. She is working as
the usual Nepali meal, steamed white rice, dal (lentila program officer for the NGO-FONIN.
soup), tarkary(curry) and aachar(a kind of salsaContemporary Limbu women are highly
sauce). I would like to mention some Limbuappreciated for their incredible achievements in a
gourmet food- kinema ko achar (fermented soyashort period. Young Limbu women today, whose
been pickle), gundruk ko achar or gundruk komothers and grandmothers may be illiterate or
soup ( fermented mustard leaves), yangbenbarely literate, may go on to college or obtain
(moss that grows on trees), etc. They also aspecialized training for skilled employment.
drink a mild beverage called tongba (millet beer),Although there are only a small number of Limbu
consumed in particular bamboo or wooden largewomen compared to Nepal's total population, they
containers with tiny bamboo straws).are actively involved in every field.